kubernetes quickstart

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kubernetes and docker

In this post, I’ll be deploying a docker cluster running a number of nginx containers. Bare with me though as I am still learning about kubernetes and docker.

Machines

The master node will be controlling the worker nodes. Deployments will not run on the master node itself. From my experience, at least 1.5Gi of memory is needed for these machines.

k8s-ms | 10.0.0.165

k8s-wk1 | 10.0.0.44

k8s-wk2 | 10.0.0.58

Prereq work

  1. disable selinux
  2. populate hosts files

Installing the yum repo

Create k8s.repo

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
       https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg

Installing the master node

yum -y install kubeadm docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kubelet
kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address 10.0.0.165

Create a kube config so kubectl knows where to connect to the master

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Install a pod network. I’ll be using the weave net plugin. There are a number of others – https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

sysctl net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')"

Installing the worker nodes

Create the same yum repo file and then install the packages

yum -y install kubeadm docker
systemctl enable docker
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable kubelet

Join the workers to the master node

kubeadm join 10.0.0.165:6443 --token c0yx4v.fw4b6w6mpfolnbf4 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:36bc22f4b41f8c6a18f0e5bdd171979b54b22ebfaa91f99e70506984ca4faf48

Listing nodes from the master

I now see all 3 nodes in the cluster

[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME      STATUS     ROLES     AGE       VERSION
k8s-ms    Ready      master    15m       v1.10.2
k8s-wk1   NotReady   <none>    16s       v1.10.2
k8s-wk2   Ready      <none>    1m        v1.10.2

Create an Nginx deployment

Deploy image

[[email protected] ~]# docker pull nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl run nginx --image=nginx
deployment.apps "nginx" created
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME      DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx     1         1         1            1           10s

Go through the worker nodes and I found 1 instance of nginx running on k8s-wk2.

Then create a service and expose port 80 on the master node’s public ip

[[email protected] ~]#  kubectl expose deployment nginx --name=nginx-lb --external-ip=10.0.0.165 --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=LoadBalancer
service "nginx-lb" exposed
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get service
NAME         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP      10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP        25m
nginx-lb     LoadBalancer   10.103.218.95   10.0.0.165    80:32450/TCP   7s

Scale out the deployment

[[email protected] ~]# kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=4
deployment.extensions "nginx" scaled

[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME      DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx     4         4         4            4           2m

[[email protected] ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                                READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP          NODE
nginx-deployment-57664d6d66-9vs2h   1/1       Running   1          22m       10.44.0.3   k8s-wk1
nginx-deployment-57664d6d66-bznch   1/1       Running   1          22m       10.44.0.4   k8s-wk1
nginx-deployment-57664d6d66-m6b2h   1/1       Running   0          22m       10.36.0.1   k8s-wk2
nginx-deployment-57664d6d66-xxs56   1/1       Running   0          22m       10.36.0.2   k8s-wk2

See the above in action

To quickly test the deployment, I go to my worker instances, locate the index.html file of the containers, and edit them. I’ve replaced the default landing page with text that can uniquely identify the containers. Then run a http GET on the load balancer IP and I see responses from different containers:

[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
wk2-inst2
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
wk2-inst2
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
wk1-inst2
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
wk1-inst2
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
wk1-inst1
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
wk2-inst2

Make nginx serve a docroot from the local fs

Here the previous deployment and service will be removed. New ones will be deployed with a spec file. The nginx will also be configured to serve a local directory as docroot instead of the default /usr/share/nginx/html.

On each worker machine, create a /var/sites/default. On the master node, create a deployment spec called nginx-deployment.yml.

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: web
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        run: web
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: nginx
          name: nginx-localroot
          ports:
            - containerPort: 80
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
              name: nginx-root
      volumes:
        - name: nginx-root
          hostPath:
            # directory location on host
            path: /var/sites/default
            type: Directory
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    run: web
  name: nginx-lb
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    protocol: TCP
  externalIPs:
  - 10.0.0.165
  selector:
    run: web
  type: LoadBalancer

Delete the previous deployment and then deploy a new one with the yml file.

[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete deployment nginx
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl delete service nginx-lb
[[email protected] ~]# kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yml

On each worker mode, create an index.html under /var/sites/default and test it from the master node

[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
Hello this is k8s-wk2
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://10.0.0.165
Hello this is k8s-wk1

Dump service in yaml

This is one way to see how to write an yaml based on existing service.

kubectl get svc nginx-lb -o yaml

References

  • https://blog.sourcerer.io/a-kubernetes-quick-start-for-people-who-know-just-enough-about-docker-to-get-by-71c5933b4633
  • https://blog.alexellis.io/kubernetes-in-10-minutes/

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